Gotta Love them Stats!

Actually, I rather grumble at stats in general because they always help make any argument you want. The tricky part is seeing which arguments matter and which ones DON'T.

Let's take a look at "stats" on income and taxes.

A favorite argument of liberals and warmed over lite-socialists who don't like the label is that "The Rich" don't pay enough tax and make too much money compared to everyone else. Therefore, any "stat" that shows "The Rich" making more over a period of time and/or "paying less tax" (careful for context here---watch for percentage stats when absolute stats don't work). Any stat that supports this general outlook is sure to make its way onto a liberal blog with a air of "A-HA....there! SEE?"

For example, Ezra Klein of the American Prospect:

He cites a "discovery" in a post by the Tax Policy Center :

Pay close attention to what they actually take notice of....emphasis mine.....

n 2005, the average tax return in the fabulous 400 reported $213.9 million of income, up from a mere $172.8 million in 2004. They’re even doing better than at the peak of the dot.com bubble in 2000, when the top 400 raked in $173.9 million ($197.1 million in 2005 dollars). Overall, this group, which comprised 0.0003 percent of the tax returns filed, earned 1.15 percent of all income reported.

So, income is up for the top of the top of the top. In itself, a rather non-point, IMO. So what? Good for them. It's not like they took it at someone's else's expense or "stole it" legally through some law. It's earned income from wages and stocks and capital gains. It's also PRE-TAX income.

We continue:

The cool thing about being incredibly well compensated is that you don’t have to pay much tax. Their average income tax bill was 18.23 percent of income. Including payroll taxes, their average rate was still under 19 percent(my calculation, assuming all wages and salaries, business income or loss, and partnership income or loss are subject to the Medicare payroll tax).

Ahhh. No we are on tax percentage of income....and why? Because, thanks ATQB, a look at absolute percentages of total taxes collected on this group shows an INCREASE in total taxes paid and a decrease in percentage on lower income groups. SO, when the share of taxes paid by the rich compared to others doesn't support the narrative that the rich are "getting off easier" than before, these bloggers simply shift the paradigm a bit and scrutinize the percentage paid on those incomes.

The part they ignore is that these higher incomes are symbiotic with lower tax rates. Reported incomes would drop with higher tax rates.

Continuing:

The IRS reported that only 106 out of the 400 paid an average income tax rate over 25 percent...While their pre-tax incomes have been exploding, their tax rates have been falling. From 1993 to 1996, their average tax rate was 28.8 percent. After tax rates on long-term capital gains were cut in 1997, the rate fell to an average of 22.4 percent from 1997 to 2001. (Capital gains average well over half of income for the 400.) Now, after top income tax rates were cut from 39.6 percent to 35 percent and top tax rates on capital gains and dividends slashed to 15 percent, their average income tax rate is 18.2 percent.

Notice that there isn't really any "there there"? The rates on capital gains were cut and the percentage paid dropped but the percentage share of total income collected went UP.

Not to be forgotten in all this is that these income groups shift in composition and number. Many who were in the lower brackets move to higher brackets over time and the numbers of people in each quintile or percentile change.

Bottom line, let's remember what arguments we are making and what arguments tell a worthwhile story. Total taxes paid and share of taxes paid by the highest brackets is UP. That the percentage paid on that income is down for some of these top tier earners is, in itself, irrelevant. They are paying MORE TAX and larger SHARE of TOTAL TAX as a group while the lowest groups are paying LESS in both respects. THAT matters....I suppose, if this is to be an issue.

But hey, if the fact that many of these upper echelon earners are "only paying" 18-25% of their total incomes is such a travesty, I see only one solution:

Lower the tax rates at lower brackets to make it more progressive! But the point remains that these tax rates are lower, in part, because capital gains are taxed differently and in part because the these people have more deductions and assets that figure into accounting. They are looking out for their own interest. If you had millions and billions, you would too.

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Some Points

I agree on the lowering of tax rates at lower brackets, but there isn't much to be done there. At the lowest bracket (<$8000 or so), those people aren't paying federal income tax anyway (I should know; I'm one of them). A standard deduction + 1 exemption eliminates all that from being taxable. You might as well make it 0% for those people. I think there should be more brackets myself, and labor should always be taxed less than any capital gains.

The "liberal" argument is at times simply an argument to punish people for being too rich, rather than to actually increase revenues or any sort of logical end. I know first hand that in my benevolent dictatorship, I'd simply confiscate most of the assets of Bill Gates, Warren Buffet, et al. I don't believe, in a moral sense that anyone for any reason deserves that much money. I'd be more than happy to simply beat the tar out of them for being too rich; it is immoral to have too much wealth. Chalk that up to envy or something else if you must (we can never know the true nature of our moral compass).

In a political sense this is incredibly wrong headed and counter productive. I'd never advocate this policy in a political context and would actively oppose it if introduced. It simply doesn't work as advertised.

That is the problem with many hard-left policy ideas. They are based on appeals to emotion rather than via cold facts.

I never broke the law; I am the law! -- George W. Bush Judge Dredd
I'm listening to...

…………

While I hear your overall point, I have to object

to Bill Gates and Warren Buffet being the poster boys for "it is immoral to have too much wealth" because they in particular make excellent use of their money to tackle problems facing humanity as a whole.

Come, my friends. 'Tis not too late to seek a newer world -- Tennyson

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...and both also support a significant estate tax

It's funny how billionaires who are putting their fortunes to good use in real life also see value in an estate tax on large estates.  Horrible parents obviously-- why doesn't a guy like Buffett want to give every last red cent of their fortunes to his children and grandchildren, I wonder?  What kind of sick demented man doesn't want his heirs to have a life of leisure and never have to work a day in their lives?

 

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Now who's making strawmen?

Horrible parents obviously-- why doesn't a guy like Buffett want to
give every last red cent of their fortunes to his children and
grandchildren, I wonder?  What kind of sick demented man doesn't want his heirs to have a life of leisure and never have to work a day in their lives?

No one claims they are horrible parents, they should be free to do with their money whatever THEY want.  They should be free to pass it on or give it away as THEY see fit.  YOU want to take away their choice. YOU are the one making a value judgement here, not me (us).

I'm the Bugs Bunny of Swords Crossed!
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Yes, I am making a value judgment, as is Buffett

Buffett obviously could just give the government an amount equal to what he thinks his estate tax ought to be, but he thinks it ought to be a matter of policy, applying to everybody.  Society must have some rules which apply to everybody, and there is absolutely nothing wrong with making "value judgments" in this regard.  Some people may "see fit" to outfit a private army with their fortune and use that army to carve out their own separate state from the United States, but at some point, a value judgment was made that such activity would not be permissible, even though it indisputably "takes away choice".

 

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Keep in mind Skymutt

that the estates of those people have been taxed many times over already piece by piece, year after year.

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So what's one more tax then?

All that multiple taxation obvioulsy didn't stop Gates and Buffett from compiling huge fortunes... and yet they remain unopposed to estate taxes.  Not that Gates and Buffett are the only voices that ought to be heard on the matter, but when the two richest people in America are vocally in favor of a tax on themselves, I think some heed should be paid.

 

 

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You're right. It didn't.

I'm just saying.

The problem with the estate tax to me is:

#1: what I just said above. I mean really. How times is enough, enough?

#2: It's Gates and Buffet that it hurts. It's the lowest ranks of the people it affects who, though wealthy by some measure, may not have as much as you think they do. It could drain away much of any liquid assets once debts are satisfied.

Either way, it's hardly my biggest concern. The revenues from the estate are minimal. And besides, it would simply influence estate tax holders to move their assets around or sell them off in a way that negates the benefits of the estate tax.

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Yep.

And besides, it would simply influence estate tax holders to move their
assets around or sell them off in a way that negates the benefits of
the estate tax.

Like tying them up in corporations and simply passing the mantle of control of the corporation from generation to generation. He who controls the corporation controls the money even though they may not technically "own" it for estate purposes.

I'm the Bugs Bunny of Swords Crossed!
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Yet we collect tens of billions in estate taxes every year

Not everyone is obsessed with making sure that the government doesn't get a thin dime of their money when they die, apparently.  And the same people who aim to pay no estate taxes probably have tried to avoid all sales, income, and capital gains taxes as much as possible too. 

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You think that they WANT to pay these taxes?

Yet we collect tens of billions in estate death taxes every year.  Not everyone is obsessed with making sure that the government doesn't get a thin dime of their money when they die, apparently.

I suspect that if we ask the heirs of these people if they (themselves or the deceased) WANTED to pay the death taxes, not as many would agree with them as you seem to believe.  Very few would, in fact.  If given the choice how many of these individuals do you think would have actually written a check to government if the tax had not existed?

You'd have a better chance of fending off the Grim Reaper himself than keeping a liberal politician's hands out of your pockets!  :)

I'm the Bugs Bunny of Swords Crossed!
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And once again, I will point out

...that few people WANT to pay any tax in any situation-- income tax, sales tax, payroll tax, whatever.  So this is not a compelling argument against the estate tax in particular.

I would also point out that it wasn't me who voted for this current clown in office, the man responsible for the largest expansion of Federal spending in history, the biggest borrow and spend Republican we've ever seen.  Rather than being somewhat responsible about keeping revenue in line with expenses thru prudent taxation and budgeting, he has put $5 trillion of debt onto the books.  If we had been taxed this past 8 years in line with what has been spent, the Republicans hands would have been deeply into our pockets.   But they irresposibly chose to defer the pain into the future.  

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Nor does this observation refute my point ...

And once again, I will point out ... that few people WANT to pay any tax in any situation-- income tax, sales tax, payroll tax, whatever. So this is not a compelling argument against the estate tax in particular.

The argument does NOT have to be compelling against estate tax in particular, it just needs to be compelling ... which it is.

The legendary skymutt army of strawmen! :)

I'm the Bugs Bunny of Swords Crossed!
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"Double tax" arguments are inconsequential

How times is enough, enough?

I get taxed on my income.  Then when I go to the store and spend that money, I have to pay a sales tax.  I have no problem with this double tax at all.  Taxes are generally made on some exchange or transferr of wealth.  Well, during the settlement of an estate, money is transferred from the deceased to their heirs.  What makes this exchange so sacred, so speical, that there should be no tax on it in principle?  So you could make your argument here against just about any tax.

 

It's the lowest ranks of the people it affects who, though wealthy by
some measure, may not have as much as you think they do. It could drain
away much of any liquid assets once debts are satisfied.

Again, what tax does not put a financial pinch on some of the people who have to pay it?  All taxes "drain away liquid assets".  I know what you're saying here would be true for some people, but we have to look at the big picture.  Estate tax opponents have focused on isolated cases where a family farm must be sold to pay the tax, but these cases are far from the rule, and most people with enough wealth to be hit by estate taxes would be able to plan for the tax and pass down a small enterprise intact to their heirs, if they so desired.

The revenues from the estate are minimal.

Revenues, depending on the exact nature of the tax, will be $30 to 60 billion / year.  Certainly, the estate tax is not the panacea to put the budget on the path to balance, (especially since we already collect it!) but it's a piece of the puzzle and worth discussion.

And besides, it would simply
influence estate tax holders to move their assets around or sell them
off in a way that negates the benefits of the estate tax.

Once again, this is an argument that can be applied to any tax.  Black markets avoid sales taxes.  People evade income taxes.  We are obviously able to collect billions in estate taxes currently, so not everybody is avoiding them.

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Keep in mind

that folks like this are afforded the luxury of a country with the option to become very wealthy by using the infrastructure provided by taxes. Roads, stop lights, electricity, clean water, police, a fire dept., courts, a justice system, etc.

Paying a portion of your wealth in the form of taxes is a small price to pay for living in the greatest country on earth, that affords you the luxury of becoming wealthy and feeling safe.

Also keep in mind that anyone this rich, has many options, afforded to them by high priced tax attorneys, on how to maximize their profits, by going offshore, and various tax loopholes.

Show me one very very wealthy person that actually pays a high percentage 35%, of their profits in taxes.

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Yes, yes yes.

They had help. Just like everyone else.

The things you mention are peanuts and much of it is paid for with user fees...or on a local level.

Paying a portion of your wealth in the form of taxes is a small price to pay for living in the greatest country on earth, that affords you the luxury of becoming wealthy and feeling safe.

Yes, of course. I learned this weak and bland platitude when I was a liberal. It's true. OK. Fine. The devil is in the details however. How much of a portion is needed? How best should we obtain it?

Besides, people don't sit around on hands to become wealthy. People like Gates and Buffet earned it and created that wealth. For every Paris Hilton silver spoon, there are thousands earning their wealthy livings and adding to the country's wealth pool. Money doesn't grow on trees or come spontaneously out of infrastructure.

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How do you know that?

For every Paris Hilton silver spoon, there are thousands earning their wealthy livings and adding to the country's wealth pool.

This seems like the sort of thing that is easily checked. What we need is a list of wealthy Americans, not by income but by assets, and then we need to establish what percentage of them are adding to the country's wealth pool.

I would bet it's somewhat less than 99.95% ;-)

Come, my friends. 'Tis not too late to seek a newer world -- Tennyson

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Go check it then, my friend.

Let me know how many waste of flesh millionaire socialites are out there compared to those who worked for it.

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Especially in light of the current death taxes ...

I'm the Bugs Bunny of Swords Crossed!
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………… parent

Ok, here are some numbers

This is a list of the 400 richest Americans (by net worth, not income). The source of the wealth is given in the right-most column. For 14 of them it is only "inheritance" (3.5%, ie 96.5% "worked for [a significant chunk] of it") and for a further 6 it is "inheritance" plus something else (totals to 5%, ie 95% "worked for [basically all] of it").

Come, my friends. 'Tis not too late to seek a newer world -- Tennyson

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thanx

I'd be curious to see the top 1000, 2000 and so on.

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Yes, me too

I wonder whether the percentage goes up or down =)

Come, my friends. 'Tis not too late to seek a newer world -- Tennyson

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I suspect it would weed out more socialites and silver spoons

being Walton-rich is tougher to do than just being a successful entrepreneur who builds a good quiet living. Not that that is a cinch either.

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So does this discredit skymutt's claims ...

about how the rich mostly inherited their money?  :)

What say you, skymutt? 

I'm the Bugs Bunny of Swords Crossed!
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………… parent

I never made that claim.

I never have said that the rich "mostly inherited their money".  Get it right, man!

 

………… parent

Well, what DID you say then?

Many? Let's quantify that, OK? Does many mean 99.995%? 75%? 50%? 25%? What were you honestly thinking before you saw these numbers?

I never said that the rich inherited *all* their money. Show me where I
did. I did say that many amongst the rich have inherited wealth and
privelege from previous generations
.

Here is your most recent cut I think, so how many is "many"? 

I'm the Bugs Bunny of Swords Crossed!
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Something else to consider

is the oft-repeated rule-of-thumb that it's a lot easier to go from one to two million than it is to make that first million.

Even a "modest" (by these standards) head start in the form of inherited wealth can be a big help towards becoming rich.

Come, my friends. 'Tis not too late to seek a newer world -- Tennyson

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For instance

Bill Gates Jr. got a nice present from Bill Gates Sr. in the form of $1,000,000 start-up capital for what was then called MicroSoft.

I never broke the law; I am the law! -- George W. Bush Judge Dredd
I'm listening to...

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I have no idea exactly how many

That's why I used the word "many" and not a particular number.  I am well aware that the strict dollar amount of inherited wealth  is a small compared to total current wealth, but you have to take that with a large grain of salt, because the compounding effects of investment would allow that inherited money to grow over time. 

For instance, let's imagine Mr. Jones inherited $10000 in 1970 and is worth $2 million today.  Inflaton adjusted, that $10,000 is worth roughly $60,000 in today's dollars, so Mr. Jones has inherited about 3.3% of his total wealth according to the stats.  However-- when Mr. Jones received the $10,000 in 1970, he was able to put a 10% down payment on a beautiful $100,000 home ($100k bought a lotta home back in the day).  That property is now worth  $1.7 million. 

If we just want to look at the 10% equity in the home that the initial $10,000 downpayment represents, we can see that it is now worth $170,000, or about 9% of his net worth.  But Mr. Jones wouldn't have even been able to buy the house at all without a down payment.  He may have had to wait 5 years or more to save that much money on his own.  House prices may have doubled by then, and perhaps he wouldn't have been able to get as nice a house.  It's pretty easy to see that the initial $10,000 is really responsible for much more than 10% of the $1.7 million equity Mr. Jones now has in his house.

I also am quite positive that the percentage of inherited wealth would get larger as the amount of the current estate gets smaller.  The percentage cited here for the super-wealthy sounds about right to me, and does not surpise me at all. 

 

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Oh, well, enough said then ...

I have no idea exactly how many

:) If you have no idea then I can pretty much disregard your previous points, right?

I didn't ask you for an exact number, I asked for a ballpark figure that was consistent with what you were thinking when you made the above statement. Hiding behind weasel words like "many" and later claiming to "have no idea" isn't bolstering your previous position, IMHO. :)

I also am quite positive that the percentage of inherited wealth would
get larger as the amount of the current estate gets smaller. The
percentage cited here for the super-wealthy sounds about right to me,
and does not surpise me at all.

Sigh, well I guess I have to tie you down on that point too then. So how rich is rich to you? Top 1%? Top 5%? Top 10%? Top 50%? What were you honestly thinking when you made you previous claim (ballpark, obviously, order of magnitude-ish)?

I'm the Bugs Bunny of Swords Crossed!
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facts and figures

I didn't ask you for an exact number, I asked for a ballpark figure
that was consistent with what you were thinking when you made the above
statement.

 My arguments have not only included inherited wealth, but also wealth transferred to the next generation before death, and also "privilege", which I have attempted to define previously.  A lot of wealth and privelege transfers won't be captured in data that only looks at inheritance.  My guess would have been that something like 10% of all wealth is inherited, but like I say, that stat only captures part of the story.

Sigh, well I guess I have to tie you down on that point too then. So
how rich is rich to you? Top 1%? Top 5%? Top 10%? Top 50%? What were
you honestly thinking when you made you previous claim (ballpark,
obviously, order of magnitude-ish)?

Let's just stipulate from now on that when I'm talking about the rich, I'm talking about estates big enough to get hit by the estate tax-- so, maybe $3 million+.  Super-rich will be defined from now on as $100 million+.

………… parent

It may not be representative

but look at the top ten list from 2006:

Bill Gates
Warren Buffett
Sheldon Adelson
Larry Ellison
Paul Allen
Jim Walton
Christy Walton & family
Rob Walton
Michael Dell
Alice Walton

Four of them are Waltons, inheriting their wealth from Walmart founder Sam Walton.

Bill Gates can be said to have worked for his money (assuming you qualify organized crime as work). Although it should be noted the Gates family was already wealthy, just not obscenely super wealthy.

Buffett worked up from fairly humble beginnings. Ditto Adelson and Ellison.

Allen, like Gates (his partner), came from money but grew that sum extensively. Dell too.

So we have 3 rags to riches, 3 riches to super riches, and 4 cases of "damn, daddy was rich!"

I came. I saw. I posted.
Veni, Vidi, Bitchy.

………… parent

Just to connect this with my post above

The Forbes list has those 4 Waltons in the top 15 but 3 of these are categorized as earning their money from Wal Mart and 1 is categorized as earning the money from both Wal Mart and inheritance.

Come, my friends. 'Tis not too late to seek a newer world -- Tennyson

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Right

IMO, if you were anything above middle class and you're on that list "inheritance" is the reason why you're there.

I never broke the law; I am the law! -- George W. Bush Judge Dredd
I'm listening to...

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Not afforded anything ...

... folks like this are afforded the luxury of a country with the option to become very wealthy ...

They weren't afforded anything.  They earned it through hard work.  They also paid the bulk of the taxes that paid for the infrastructure you are talking about, so they didn't get a free ride by any means.  If anyone is getting a free ride in this respect it is the poor.  They use all of these same services and yet pay (almost) nothing.  The top 50% of taxpayers cover over 96% of the tax revenue that pays for that infrastructure.

Show me one very very wealthy person that actually pays a high percentage 35%, of their profits in taxes.

You do realize that this isn't possible, right?  The rich pay taxes the same way as everyone else, by moving progressively up through the tax brackets.  Just because they are in the 35% tax bracket doesn't mean that they are paying 35% on every dollar, only on those dollars that exceed the maximum of the next lower bracket.  In the lower bracket they payed the lower percentage like everyone else.

Factor in that the capital gains rate is lower than this as well and there is no way anyone is ever going to pay 35% unless they just volunter to write an extra check to the government. 

I'm the Bugs Bunny of Swords Crossed!
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So, you think you should be able to push your values on me?

But not the other way around?  Hmmm....

I'm the Bugs Bunny of Swords Crossed!
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You're calling my strawman, and then raising another strawman

I obvioulsy can't push my values on you.  I can only put forth my opinion, and hope that one day that enough people will see the wisdom in those opinions so that they get reflected in the law of the land.  You are free to do likewise :-)

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What strawman?

Society must have some rules which apply to everybody, and there is
absolutely nothing wrong with making "value judgments" in this regard.

I don't know, that sounds an awful lot like you making "value judgements" and wanting them to "apply to everybody".  My position is that everyone should decide for themselves.  This pushes nothing on anyone.

I'm the Bugs Bunny of Swords Crossed!
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that sounds like

something Osama bin Laden would say. :)

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As one of his most faithful followers ...

I guess that you should know.  :)

(joking) 

I'm the Bugs Bunny of Swords Crossed!
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moreover,

the idea of pillaging somone like Gates or Buffet only works once. Then you have nothing and you'll destroy sources of jobs, philanthropy, funding for innovation and so on.

Besides, the idea, in a free society, that any one person's moral compass about the personal and private affairs of others should matter is ridiculous. Gates's wealth, in and of itself, does not hurt anyone....quite the opposite in fact.

Stinerman's hypothetical dictatorship is the kind for which walls are needed to keep people IN.

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A perfect example

Gates became wealthy by robbing others, really it is just that simple. The man is a thug who mugged the world a few billion times over.

Now you want to hold that having him pay a higher rate would "destroy sources of jobs, philanthropy, funding for innovation and so on."

The problem there is that Gates took that money from a few billion people who would have otherwise, you know, created jobs, donated to charities, innovated...

There's no reason in the world to let Bill Gates, a man who is scum, decide which charities get funded, which jobs get created, which innovations prosper (and which should get quietly strangled to death).

I came. I saw. I posted.
Veni, Vidi, Bitchy.

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Wow. You're scary sometimes.

Moreover, read the context of what I said. Stinerman wanted to take everything they had so that they would have about as much as everyone else. You do that and you destroy future wealth....like I said.

And you're zero sum thing is, again, a sophism. I will not respond to it anymore unless you logically show me why it isn't. Good luck, there. It's never been done by anyone. EVER.

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Glad to frighten you

when you champion the reckless consumption of america by the super elite you need to have someone scare you a bit. :)

Moreover, read the context of what I said. Stinerman wanted to take everything they had so that they would have about as much as everyone else.

And the problem is?

You do that and you destroy future wealth....like I said.

Bull. Spreading wealth doesn't destroy it, in fact quite the opposite. When more people have a share they are more capable of creating infrastructure and new businesses. By concentrating the wealth in the hands of a few you stifle innovation.

And you're zero sum thing is, again, a sophism. I will not respond to it anymore unless you logically show me why it isn't.

it is, again, math. If you want me to prove mathematics (specifically division) isn't a sophism I think I'll pass.

I came. I saw. I posted.
Veni, Vidi, Bitchy.

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Oh boy.

And the problem is?

And the problem is that you destroy the generation of wealth with such heavy handed confiscation and then we have nothing because neither Gates nor Buffet nor anyone will have the initiative to generate that kind of wealth if it's just gonna all gonna taken away. And we come full circle to what I already said.

#2

You are responding to someone else with that one. Stinerman was talking about confiscation to the point of forced quasi-equality. Go ahead and see how much wealth that "generates". That's what I answered to.

#3

Whatever. Like I said, prove it then. You'll be the first.

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confiscation and "quasi-"equality

if the Wealthy pay an appropriate amount of tax then they will slowly but surely come down a bit as everyone else comes up a lot to meet at a happy medium.

It doesn't have to be a strict equality. You can have a small range of variation to reward diligence. What you can't have is a situation in which millions are in poverty while a few can literally buy small countries. The reason you can't have this is because it is unstable. Sooner or later the millions decide they are tired and they simply kill the wealthy and take their stuff.

I doubt you'd like to see what happened in France or Russia happen here, so why do you champion causes sure to bring it about?

I came. I saw. I posted.
Veni, Vidi, Bitchy.

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I don't champion such causes

intentionlly or unintentionally.

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What is this, zen?

You *are* here championing the cause of concentrated wealth in the hands of a few. I don't really care if you are doing intentionally or unintentionally or some semi-mystical inbetween state.

I came. I saw. I posted.
Veni, Vidi, Bitchy.

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Wrong.

Your twisted perception of my views perhaps has me championing such causes but not my real ones.

………… parent

if your views are in any way

if your views are in any way libertarian (working from a capitalist base) then yes, Tlaloc is right, you support the concentration of wealth (or at very least the system which produces this nomena)

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far too vague and simplistic

you're going to have to do better than that.

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Accusations

of vagueness and simplicity might be more compelling, John, if you hadn't answered every challenge so far with a short dismissal completely devoid of substance.

I came. I saw. I posted.
Veni, Vidi, Bitchy.

………… parent

Well, to be fair ...

he DID put all the substance he needed right up front in his original post.  You're just picking around the bones of his argument here and there without refuting anything.

I'm the Bugs Bunny of Swords Crossed!
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Gosh, thanks.

I thought I was the only one hearing the surreal twilight zone music.

:)

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devoid of substance

rich. really rich.

These discussions are actually rather easy. tedious but easy. I'm just watching you jump all over the place.

Do you want another one of those end-all-debate timelines of quotes to show what I mean?

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Not quite

I'd throw Gates out on the street and let him starve. I'll agree with Tlaloc on this one. He's a bastard.

I should have been easier on Buffet. He's doing an adequate job of divesting himself of his wealth, but he should be doing it much faster ... and certainly not handing it over to the Gates Foundation.

I never broke the law; I am the law! -- George W. Bush Judge Dredd
I'm listening to...

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Bullcrap on my right, bullcrap on my left

Bill Gates is not scum.  Bill Gates is not a thug.  I can look past the bugs in Vista and see that overall, the man has been responsible for the creation of a great enterprise that produced tens of thousands of good, well-paying jobs while providing software that (usually) makes life easier and more productive.  Microsoft isn't as pure as the driven snow, and Gates has no halo, but let's not be ridiculous.

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No, really, Skymutt

the man is scum. I work with no shortage of people who have direct knowledge of his history and actions. Look at his history and it is no exaggeration to say he personally was the worst thing to happen to the information age. He's set us back so far you have to put him on par with the burning of the library at Alexandria to find a comparable tragedy in the history of knowledge.

Not exaggerating even the slightest. Again what the general public knows is bad, but the inside industry stuff is worse.

I came. I saw. I posted.
Veni, Vidi, Bitchy.

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good stuff

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Throw your computer away then...

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childish answer

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hardly

it's a reaction to childish thinking masking as thoughtful.

eye for an eye.

:)

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It's a childish temper fit

and a ridiculous response to noticing how some people come by their wealth.

No one is perfect.

With your that attitude, I am surprised about you haven't moved out of the country since you think our govt and tax system is so unfair.

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temper fit??

:)

See that smile? It's pretty accurate.

As for rest, you're so cute when you're obtuse. ;)

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Its hard to fight with a monopolist

Another release like Vista and with Mark Shuttlesworth throwing his money at Ubuntu, she'll have a chance at buying a PC at a store with a choice of OS. Apple is making great inroads as well due to their marketing strategy and the incredible incompetence of Microsoft.

You shouldn't like Mr. Gates, John. He's a rent seeker and a monopolist, both of which create sub-optimal markets.

I never broke the law; I am the law! -- George W. Bush Judge Dredd
I'm listening to...

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Pfft.

I work in the software industry and have inside industry knowledge of his history and actions, and I think you're full of crap (as usual).

I'm the Bugs Bunny of Swords Crossed!
-4 Strongly Disagree - 0 Meh - Strongly Agree +4

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Fiddlesticks

the man is scum. I work with no shortage of people who have direct knowledge of his history and actions.

 Otherwise known as hearsay.

Look at his history and it is no exaggeration to say he personally was the worst thing to happen to the information age.

 Unsupported assertion.

 He's set us back so far you have to put him on par with the burning of
the library at Alexandria to find a comparable tragedy in the history
of knowledge.

Hyperbole.

 Not exaggerating even the slightest. Again what the general public knows is bad, but the inside industry stuff is worse.

 All inside industry stuff, which the rest of us couldn't possibly understand, of course...

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sticky fiddle

Otherwise known as hearsay.

So let's get this straight. Do you personally know Bill Gates? I mean do you have personal knowledge of the man? I'm assuming not. So you are fine saying the man is not scum based on what is most likely at best fourth or fifth hand accounts. But when I assure you he is based on second hand accounts (coupled with his documented history) you call "hearsay"?

Unsupported assertion.

True. But a quick look at the matter provides an awful lot of supporting data, if you care. As one simple example look at the Y2K rigamarole. Not a problem for Macs or Unix. Huh. How many billions of dollars did we spend (rhetorical question the answer is over 300 billion dollars).

Hyperbole.

Maybe. I'm willing to entertain suggestions of other disasters in the field of human knowledge that exceed Mr. Gates.

All inside industry stuff, which the rest of us couldn't possibly understand, of course...

Well the general gist of the stories is pretty much always this:

you have a cross industry group get together to settle on a standard or something. The MS rep arrives at least half an hour late and berates everyone else for wasting his time. He then dictates how everything will go and ignores everyone else's opinion. Finally if you point out that what he wants will be decidedly subpar he threatens to run you out of business (a threat MS has fulfilled on more than one occasion).

Why do they pretty much all behave this way? because that is what Gates wanted, he wanted his people to be thugs and he created a corporate culture to ensure it worked that way. It is, no surprise, exactly how he operated when he used to be the one meeting with the industry.

As a result time and again you have the field retarded by Microsoft. Bad solutions are implemented because MS says so and because they have the power and ill temper to browbeat those who say differently (ask netscape). That has cost humanity hugely. As impressive as the computer revolution has been it would have been better had Gates never existed (assuming someone else hadn't just stepped into the role).

I came. I saw. I posted.
Veni, Vidi, Bitchy.

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Well, yea.

But when I assure you he is based on second hand accounts (coupled with his documented history) you call "hearsay"?

I think that actually IS the definition of hearsay , isn't it? :)

I'm the Bugs Bunny of Swords Crossed!
-4 Strongly Disagree - 0 Meh - Strongly Agree +4

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Funny stuff, man

So you are fine saying the man is not scum based on what is most likely at best fourth or fifth hand accounts.

But since you have all this second-hand knowledge of Gates, I'll soon be upgrading to third-hand accounts :-)  Hell, I dunno, maybe Gates beats his wife.  So if it will make you happier, I'll revise my statement to say that I have never seen any evidence that Gates is scum.  I suspect you won't be providing any such evidence.

But when I assure you he is based on second hand accounts (coupled with his documented history) you call "hearsay"?

Well, it *is* hearsay!  What do you want me to tell you, bud?

 you have a cross industry group get together to settle on a standard or
something. The MS rep arrives at least half an hour late and berates
everyone else for wasting his time. He then dictates how everything
will go and ignores everyone else's opinion. Finally if you point out
that what he wants will be decidedly subpar he threatens to run you out
of business (a threat MS has fulfilled on more than one occasion).

OMG it's all clear to me now from this story that Bill Gates is scum!  (not)

You call this a second-hand story? About Bill Gates? LOL!   

 

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*shrug*

I can tell you what the people who have actually dealt with him and his say, almost to a man. Maybe they are all lying. I doubt it since it also fits with all the other data (the run ins with anti-trust laws, the history of how Gates operated from the very start, and so on).

I came. I saw. I posted.
Veni, Vidi, Bitchy.

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Nice and concise, skymutt ...

except for that last part.  Don't let that happen again.  :)

I'm the Bugs Bunny of Swords Crossed!
-4 Strongly Disagree - 0 Meh - Strongly Agree +4

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Turn off your computer and throw it away then.

Maybe you could return for a refund. Remember that even if you could, you parted with that money willingly. You obviously valued the computer and its uses more than the money you spent on it.

It's called voluntary exchange.

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Which has what to do with gates?

Gates didn't make a penny off of the computers in my home. That you conflate MS with all computing just goes to show how much damage he's done.

I came. I saw. I posted.
Veni, Vidi, Bitchy.

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Silly.

That you conflate MS with all computing just goes to show how much damage he's done.

That's like saying that because people conflate Crest with toothpaste shows how much damage Procter and Gamble has done.  No, all it really shows is how successful Microsoft has been.

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True

and if Crest was a definitively substandard toothpaste, and consequently most americans had rotting teeth, then the analogy would be correct- crest would have damaged toothpaste in general by being both ubiquitous and crappy.

I came. I saw. I posted.
Veni, Vidi, Bitchy.

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No, if Crest rotted teeth

I would have caused people to use a superior toothpaste.  If Windows was so crappy, everybody would have moved to Linux or Macs.  Not saying that Windows is superior to anything, but it beat Linux to market and a Windows-based machine can be gotten for the fraction of the price of a Mac.

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Now you go a little too far

I think we can all acknowledge that Windows doesn't owe its market share solely to being of better quality (edit: or first to market) than the competition.

Stuff like this is the rule rather than the exception for MS from what I can tell.

Come, my friends. 'Tis not too late to seek a newer world -- Tennyson

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Does McDonalds have the best hamburger?

Were they the first to market?

No, and no.

Yet nobody ever challenges McDonalds' legitimacy as a business.  So it should be with Microsoft.  They produce a product of reasonable quality for a reasonable price, and have basically outmaneuvered their competition to gain dominant market share.  Kind of like McDonalds.

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Hell, yes, I challenge McDonald's legitimacy!

and I'm hardly alone.

They produce a product of reasonable quality for a reasonable price

I'm scratching my head trying to fuigure out what that statement has to do with either McDonalds or Microsoft...

I came. I saw. I posted.
Veni, Vidi, Bitchy.

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Reasonable quality

I guess it comes down to one's threshhold of reasonableness. :) 

We are the environment. There is no distinction. What we do to the earth we do to ourselves. —David Suzuki

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Ok, I'll bite

What are the great sins of McDonalds?

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Don't we have enough on our plate

(pun unfortunately intended) at the moment? If you really want to get into it I can post a diary later. I think one major thread tangent is enough for me :)

I came. I saw. I posted.
Veni, Vidi, Bitchy.

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Alright, fair enough...

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Skymutt, please...

Windows is a decidely inferior operating system to pretty much everything else on the market. The reason it dominates the market is due to the power of a monopoly. That monopoly was established through strong arm tactics that could only charitably be called unethical.

I came. I saw. I posted.
Veni, Vidi, Bitchy.

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What if people didn't know their teeth were rotting?

The home computer OS market is a case study in market failures. Consumers don't have anything approaching perfect information on the matter. They settle for "good enough" because they don't know of anything that might be better. In Microsoft's position as a monopolist, they get to set the lower bound for "good enough", so saying Windows is good enough is a tautology.

I never broke the law; I am the law! -- George W. Bush Judge Dredd
I'm listening to...

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Supposing MS is bad for innovation, etc

Isn't this a corporate issue? Maybe we need tighter regulation of almost-monopolies, or smarter protection of IP rights, or whatever.

But seems to me that's separate from Gates as an individual profiting from MS doing well. Taking money from him now misses the point IMO -- if you wanted to penalize MS and the result of that was that he ended up with less cash, that's one thing, but to go after his personal wealth now because you don't like MS's business decisions feels sort of odd.

Come, my friends. 'Tis not too late to seek a newer world -- Tennyson

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Unnecessary, Brendan

MS will fall from its lofty heights just like the Giants of the past.

Do you know that we used to fret over the monopolistic might of the following companies?....

-Alcoa
-Smith Corona
-A&P supermakets

Frightening companies, n'est-ce pas??? :)

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Oh I agree, they already are falling

But I took Tlaloc to be discussing their rise and reign.

I think one could make an argument that there were definite costs to the way MS gained supremacy. Definite benefits too, of course, but it's not obvious that the net comes out positive. Perhaps -- just perhaps! -- there were structural flaws in how we handle such businesses that could be corrected to maximize the positive contributions of companies in analogous situations in the future.

Anyway, I don't think taxing Gates now will accomplish anything towards influence how MS runs, nor would it have been the most direct route towards influencing MS in the past. If you want to just take his money because he has lots of money that's one thing to debate, but I don't think it can be justified because you don't like his business.

Come, my friends. 'Tis not too late to seek a newer world -- Tennyson

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Corporate yes...

but you have to look at who built the corporation into what it is. It is no coincidence that Gates, who has indeed been quite the thug professionally, built a company that is best known in the inducty for being, well, thugs.

I came. I saw. I posted.
Veni, Vidi, Bitchy.

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At least as articulated by his vanquished rivals, eh?

It is no coincidence that Gates, who has indeed been quite the thug
professionally, built a company that is best known in the inducty for
being, well, thugs.

Funny that.  :) 

I'm the Bugs Bunny of Swords Crossed!
-4 Strongly Disagree - 0 Meh - Strongly Agree +4

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Your corporation also has the reputation in its industry...

...for being a thug, but this is probably just 10% truth and 90% sour grapes.  Big companies are usually perceived as bullies, but that's mostly because they can use their superior scale and resources to take advantage of opportunities that their smaller competition can't.

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Officially

I don't have a corporation. I maintain a certain small amount of plausible deniability so that I don't get accused of speaking for the company. But that's a formality and anyone with a small amount of knowledged about the field can quickly figure out who I work for, even though I won't admit it. :)

That said the few cases of the company I work for being accused of strong arming others are usually a case of us being mistakenly conflated with MS. Because we've had to work with them a false perception of us being a team has often occured. The reality is a lot different.

I can tell you that the corporate culture between the two could not be more different. While Microsoft held meetings where they talk about "cutting off netscape's air supply" we talk about having good competitors. It really is shocking. I've worked here since 2000 and I have never once heard someone say anything even remotely resembling the famous MS netscape quote. Never. We certainly talk about how we intend to do better than rivals, but never about killing them, never about manipulating the market against them, never anything but honest competition.

Now I'm sure that in a company of any size you will have some unethical members, and I'm not at all saying that we've never done things that were questionable or outright wrong. I can say, unequivocably, that it is not the culture and not how we generally operate. The opposite is true of MS.

I came. I saw. I posted.
Veni, Vidi, Bitchy.

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Hmm.

I can tell you that the corporate culture between the two could not be
more different. While Microsoft held meetings where they talk about
"cutting off netscape's air supply" we talk about having good
competitors. It really is shocking. I've worked here since 2000 and I
have never once heard someone say anything even remotely resembling the
famous MS netscape quote. Never. We certainly talk about how we intend
to do better than rivals, but never about killing them, never about
manipulating the market against them, never anything but honest
competition.

Maybe they talk about cutting off the competition's air supply in executive level meetings above Tlaloc's pay grade?  Just a guess. 

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It is possible

but honestly I really doubt it. When you create that kind of corporate culture you just can't keep it secret. It colors everything. They talked that way at Microsoft because they saw nothing wrong with it because they were working in a culture that promoted it. To realize they should hide it would require recognition that it was wrong in the first place.

I came. I saw. I posted.
Veni, Vidi, Bitchy.

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Glad to see you joining the discussion here...

 

 

This is exactly correct. The funny thing is that even on the metric of their choice they still fall short of making their case when the full stats are examined, that's why they cherry pick them so much. See tables in: RE: Wrong metric, ATQB

Ha, excellent point!

I'm the Bugs Bunny of Swords Crossed!
-4 Strongly Disagree - 0 Meh - Strongly Agree +4

…………

That's a whole lot of wrong

you managed to pack into just one diary, John :)

Where to start...

So, income is up for the top of the top of the top. In itself, a rather non-point, IMO. So what? Good for them. It's not like they took it at someone's else's expense or "stole it" legally through some law.

No, actually, it is exactly like they took it from someone else. They took it from everyone else, in fact. The US has, at any given moment, x total wealth. When your personal share of x is greater than the median you are in fact taking from everyone else. Your portion of the group pie is bigger, meaning everyone else does with less. That's pretty much the definition of "taking."

Ahhh. No we are on tax percentage of income....and why? Because, thanks ATQB, a look at absolute percentages of total taxes collected on this group shows an INCREASE in total taxes paid and a decrease in percentage on lower income groups. SO, when the share of taxes paid by the rich compared to others doesn't support the narrative that the rich are "getting off easier" than before, these bloggers simply shift the paradigm a bit and scrutinize the percentage paid on those incomes.

An as before this metric is completely useless. I don't know why you are bringing it up but since you did I guess I need to througohly debunk it.

You total tax paid is a simple formula:

%taxation x total taxable income = total tax paid

What Klein is telling us is that the first part of the equation (%taxation) is too low for the wealthiest. You on the other hand are pointing at the right hand of the equation (total tax paid). Yes total tax paid has gone up. And this in no way changes Klein's point.

Total tax paid can go up through two ways (or some combination of the two): %taxation going up OR total taxable income going up. We KNOW it isn't the former so that only leaves that the Wealthy are gobbling up larger and larger portions of the pie and paying the same or less tax rate (%) than people who are far poorer.

I have no idea why you think this "disproves" the meme that the wealthy are getting off easy when it in fact strongly supports it.

The part they ignore is that these higher incomes are symbiotic with lower tax rates. Reported incomes would drop with higher tax rates.

And? When the point is that the rich are eating up a disproprotionate amount of resources the idea that they'd recieve less income is a feature, not a bug, John.

Notice that there isn't really any "there there"? The rates on capital gains were cut and the percentage paid dropped but the percentage share of total income collected went UP.

Gosh, that seems like some "there" to me, seeing as it, again, supports Klein's thesis.

Bottom line, let's remember what arguments we are making and what arguments tell a worthwhile story. Total taxes paid and share of taxes paid by the highest brackets is UP. That the percentage paid on that income is down for some of these top tier earners is, in itself, irrelevant.

*shakes head*
I don't think you could write a statement on this topic that was more wrong than what I quote of yours above. You have it insanely backwards. It is the tax percentage that is important because that tells you precisely how much of their income they are using to support the state, as opposed to everyone else. It is the total tax amount paid that is irrelevant because all it tells you is that rich people have more money. Well duh. The question is whether they unduly benefit, meaning if they get to keep a larger portion of their income than people who are far less well off, and they do.

But hey, if the fact that many of these upper echelon earners are "only paying" 18-25% of their total incomes is such a travesty, I see only one solution:

Lower the tax rates at lower brackets to make it more progressive!

Yes, that's one option. Or raise their taxes. Either would help resolve the disparity you refuse to admit exists.

I came. I saw. I posted.
Veni, Vidi, Bitchy.

…………

Quickly,

#1:

Sophism.

#2

I got Klein's point and responded to it. I also said what I thought of it:

That the percentage paid on that income is down for some of these top tier earners is, in itself, irrelevant.

#3

Whatever. Write a book on that one.

#4

See #2

#5

Exactly. And it's why we disagree.

#6

Why bother them? Just cut everyone else's. Meanie.

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Math is a sophism?

Curious, that. I'll skip the parts where you didn't provide the barest support for your argument.

Why bother them? Just cut everyone else's. Meanie.

Like I said, it is an option. What determines whether we go that route or raising rates on the wealthy is the total operating revenue we want the state to have.

I came. I saw. I posted.
Veni, Vidi, Bitchy.

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Math is not a sophism

zero-sum economics is. The burden of proof here is not on me. Go ahead. Let's here it.

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Sure

at any given moment the sum total of wealth in the US (or the world if you prefer) is x. X changes over time but for purposes of an instantaneous measurement it is fixed and immutable.

Your personal wealth is some subset of x. The personal welath of the rest of the country (or world) is then another subset of x such that

x - (your wealth) = (everybody else's wealth)

or if you prefer:

(your wealth)/x = the % of wealth unavailable to everyone else.

The larger your wealth is the smaller the rest of x is and hance the less everyone else has to make do with. The smaller your personal wealth is the larger the remained is and hence the more everyone else has to make do with.

Q.E.D.

I'm really not sure why you are trying to even debate this, it is, as I said a simple consequence of algebra.

I came. I saw. I posted.
Veni, Vidi, Bitchy.

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Sophisms abound.

Your argument has the gaping hole of not being applicable.

That's like saying that the grass in a picture isn't growing or that a picture of wet paint isn't drying.

the static-ness of a breakdown of a snapshot of the wealth pie at any point in time has NOTHING AT ALL to do with the real life dynamism of its creation.

at any given moment the sum total of wealth in the US (or the world if you prefer) is x. X changes over time but...

BUT NOTHING.

Sure, here's a picture of me at age 10 (j). Here's a picture of me now (J). Yes, I'm taller in the latter picture but the lack of growth or change in the first picture is immutable! It's just a snapshot. Brilliant.

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Speaking of sophisms

are you really trying to argue that you cannot meaningfully take instantaneous measurements of something that varies over time?

SO I guess you have no idea where you currently are located, huh? No idea how fast you are driving at any particular moment? No idea how much power your house uses on average.

You have got to be kidding me with this stuff, John. It is perfectly valid to take a snapshot measurement to determine how things are in that moment. If done correctly it tells you everything you need to know about that moment. Maybe not the moment before or after, althought that data can usually be reasonably inferred.

The really funny thing is if you actually believe this *ahem* argument then your initial diary was all BS too. Your argument is based on snapshot data as well.

Oops.

I came. I saw. I posted.
Veni, Vidi, Bitchy.

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No.

are you really trying to argue that you cannot meaningfully take instantaneous measurements of something that varies over time?

No. I think what i said is pretty clear.

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So...

So since you now admit that you can, in fact, take meaningful instantaneous measurements your objection to me doing so with economic data is presumably resolved.

I came. I saw. I posted.
Veni, Vidi, Bitchy.

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my how the argument changes

you notice how your point changed?

I said you cannot use one little snapshot to prove zero-sum economics or a fixed wealth pie. Now, you're pretending I making a larger point that I am not.

You're sinking, Tlaloc.

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Once you admitted the snapshot is viable

the zero sum aspect is a consequence of math. I gave you the math above.

To put it another way when looking at a snapshot in time how can you possible have a non-zero sum game?

I came. I saw. I posted.
Veni, Vidi, Bitchy.

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A snapshot is viable

for lots of things....just not to prove zero-sum economics.

Perhaps this is so hard because you don't understand what zero-sum economics is. I dunno.

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Again,

If you stay on my original assertion that you cannot prove the validity of zero-sum economics, your "proof" does not do that at all in any way shape or form. You, if you recall, are trying to tell me that zero sum economics is real....it is not.

IOW, you are trying to tell me that wealth is fixed and that one man's economic gain is another's loss....false.

Then you are trying to prove this with "math" and one snapshot of data...something you did not do and cannot do because you fail to capture the dynamism of gains from trade....the very concept that makes the zero-sum argument nonsensical.

That's still where we are. I have no problem with snapshots of data. But to use one snapshot of data to prove/disprove a dynamic process like gains from trade is pointless.

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And I did

as long as you don't change the rules mid game. I argued that at each instant in time the total is fixed and hence when someone has more someone else has less. Done and done.

When you use phrases like "fail to capture the dynamism of gains from trade" it's pretty clear you are clutching straws.

I came. I saw. I posted.
Veni, Vidi, Bitchy.

………… parent

Bingo.

You don't understand what zero sum economics is.

I'm sorry. I wish that had been clear earlier. I was wondering how you could be so bold and yet so wrong.

here .

Besides, the fact the pool is grows is enough reason to see how the economy is not zero sum.

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John, seriously

I understand the concept. I've labored extensively to make clear to you that any instantaneous measurement is zero sum, because nothing changes then time is restricted to an instantaneous point.

Really.

The problem here is that you have an argument that you just can't seem to articulate and I'm gettng tired of waiting so I guess I'll have to pull the weight of both sides of the debate.

What you want to argue is that even though what I argued is true there is a catch- namely that future growth in one system (where wealth remains highly concentrated) is not necessarily the same as future growth in another (where current wealth is redistributed to be more equitable). That's where the non-zero-sum comes in, and not where you've been trying to argue it.

That would at least be a colorable argument. The counterargument of course is that allowing concentration of wealth is terrible for the actual practice of producing value. It is in fact an argument you use yourself to argue against command economies- that money in the hands of countless entrepeneurs is better than concentrated in the hands of a single bureaucrat. Same argument whether the person with all the cash is el presidente or the CEO of microsoft.

In the future please don't make me provide arguments for you again. Bring something to the table yourself.

I came. I saw. I posted.
Veni, Vidi, Bitchy.

………… parent

seriously, Tlaloc

Nonsense. Pure nonsense.

Let's start here :

T: No, actually, it is exactly like they took it from someone else. They took it from everyone else, in fact. The US has, at any given moment, x total wealth. When your personal share of x is greater than the median you are in fact taking from everyone else. Your portion of the group pie is bigger, meaning everyone else does with less. That's pretty much the definition of "taking."

J: Sophism.

Nothing has changed since that point....other than some little twist to your point that tries to move away from causality that you imply in that statement. You think I couldn't see you changing your argument into a pointless and worthless tautology about algebra? You imply causality in your first post. THAT is zero sum economics and it's wrong.

The economy is not zero sum. This is not about algebra. Look up to your first post. You can't be this dense. Don't try to tell me now that you've been arguing that the fact that at any time someone has more and somebody has less is some point worth making or that it is what you've been saying. It doesn't make any point and proves no causality. It's pointless. I'm grasping at no straws.

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*shakes head*

I give up. Even after I explicitly told you how to move on to something resembling a point, you insist on hammering an argument you lost.

Fine.

If you want to keep proving over and over again that you don't understand algebra, be my guest.

Don't try to tell me now that you've been arguing that the fact that at any time someone has more and somebody has less is some point worth making or that it is what you've been saying.

For christ's sake the very quote of mine you posted says EXACTLY that and here you are two paragraphs later telling me I never said it? WTF, John?

Nevermind, don't answer that. I'm having a harded and harder time convincing myself that there is a meaningful difference between GoRight's disingenuousness and your "contributions."

I came. I saw. I posted.
Veni, Vidi, Bitchy.

………… parent

You have not made one winning point

Not a one.

Let's pretend for a moment that that even was your point all along....

The first thing is....SO WHAT?? Not only is it clearly irrelevant to any point in my diary, it's also NOT, I repeat NOT, zero sum economics. It's worthless, pointless and disingenuous tautology. It is NOT zero sum economics.

What you said CLEARLY implies a fixed wealth pool and that one man's gain is another man's loss. FALSE. SOPHISM.

Gates became wealthy by robbing others, really it is just that simple.

zero sum sophistry

No, actually, it is exactly like they took it from someone else. They took it from everyone else, in fact. The US has, at any given moment, x total wealth. When your personal share of x is greater than the median you are in fact taking from everyone else. Your portion of the group pie is bigger, meaning everyone else does with less. That's pretty much the definition of "taking."

zero sum sophistry

At any given moment? What? a split second? so what? "at any given moment" has nothing to do with zero sum.

You imply action, you imply that an exchange between two parties involves no net gain, no increase in wealth, no positive growth. This is sophistry.

Now, if later on you choose to make some point some point about a snapshot in time where all the wealth in the economy in divided and algebra can be used to produce a ZERO....SO WHAT?? That is not only a worthless tautological point, it also contributes nothing to the discussion of zero sum economics and thinking because zero sum thinking/economics involves talking about economic exchange. Those two quotes from you that I show demonstrate economic exchange....ZERO SUM economic exchange...and it's wrong.

Don't shake your head, don't get all frustrated and most of all don't tell me you get the concept of zero sum economics (or at least that you got it before).

Had you "gotten it" before, you would easily told me that you are not talking about zero sum economics and you would NEVER have said those two statements.

Those two quotes are wonderful examples of sophistic zero sum thinking.

ZERO SUM

Is wealth zero sum and is society, or at least the material portions of society, always in decline? The answer is so obviously no to both that it is hard to believe that these concepts are still believed by anyone, much less a large number of people. However, since so many people do cling to it, we will spend a moment or two with it.

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Ah ha! A chink in the armor.

He mentioned my name! :)

... GoRight's disingenuousness ...

I've never been disingenuous with you Tlaloc. When I said I thought you were a moron, I really meant it. You prove it over and over and over ... this thread is an excellent example.  John basically kicks your backside from here into next week and then endeavors to not rub your face in it, but you keep coming back for more.

I'm the Bugs Bunny of Swords Crossed!
-4 Strongly Disagree - 0 Meh - Strongly Agree +4

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Alright, alright, time to move on

Friendly reminder to everyone, no personal insults please -- critique the posts all you want but leave the poster be =)

Come, my friends. 'Tis not too late to seek a newer world -- Tennyson

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ZERO SUM---devastating

………… parent

Ouch! That smarts.

But will it penetrate that thick layer of socialist fog in his head?  :)

I'm the Bugs Bunny of Swords Crossed!
-4 Strongly Disagree - 0 Meh - Strongly Agree +4

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NOPE.

at least some leftists acknowledge it.

The good ones argue AROUND it. :)

Here's a cute way of accepting it and working with it for a more fuzzy and cheery world. :)

Oh, there's more.

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But, but, you don't understand!

If you take an instantaneous snapshot of these transactions 0.5mS after they are initiated the state of the economy will be frozen in time, ergo no benefit or loss can be accrued during this instantaneous snapshot and it is therefore obvious that the transaction will be a zero-sum game. Why can't you understand that, you stupid dolt!

I give up! *Throws Hands Up in Disgust* :)

I'm the Bugs Bunny of Swords Crossed!
-4 Strongly Disagree - 0 Meh - Strongly Agree +4

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Actually, GR

I think his point (adjusted after the fact) was that at any given moment frozen in time, you could mathematically prove zero sum in the wealth pie because math shows that Person X has 10 while Person Y has 20 and Person Z has 30 in a total wealth pie of 60.

Person Z has more and Person X has less... Person X could have had more but Person Z has it now. See?

Like I said, worthless tautology that has nothing to do with zero sum.

Nevermind that in the next instance Person Z can buy something from Person Y that he values more than Person Y to make something that Person X values more than Person Z.

Now everybody has more. But HEY! We can take another FIXED snapshot and divide the wealth pie at 65 or 66 or whatever and still show that Person Z has more and Person X has less. ZERO SUM!!! Not.

Of course, his idea of one person "taking" from another at a loss wasn't what he said. Nevermind the quotes! :)

Now let's put millions of people into the mix. Yikes!

Oh well, I'm so silly. What an ideologue I am! :)

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This is the point I was making ...

... perhaps inadequately ... here: Who cares about snapshots?

I'm the Bugs Bunny of Swords Crossed!
-4 Strongly Disagree - 0 Meh - Strongly Agree +4

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The middle ground

I won't go as far as to say it's a zero sum game as Tlaloc says, but I don't think it's as positive as most of the economic liberals would have us believe.

You also have to recall the equality for equality's sake argument. I don't have much of a problem with making the pie smaller if that is required to make the pie more equitably distributed. But then this doesn't speak toward your thesis.

I never broke the law; I am the law! -- George W. Bush Judge Dredd
I'm listening to...

………… parent

Well, let's test this idea ...

is the goal to be equitably divided or is the goal for everyone to be better off?

 

Hypothetical Current State:

Size of Pie: 100oz

Production Levels: P1=55oz, P2=35oz, P3=10oz

Redistribution Levels: P1=-6oz, P2=-4oz, P3=+10oz

Distribution of Pie: P1=49oz, P2=31oz, P3=20oz

 

Proposal 1: Raise taxes on upper wealth groups to drive equitability.

We raise taxes to drive equitable redistribution. This necessitates punative levels of taxation on P1 and P2 which causes them to be less productive (i.e. why bother to work harder when it is all going to be taxed away). P1 reduces output by 31oz, P2 reduces output by 21oz.

 

Size of Pie: 48oz

Production Levels: P1=24oz, P2=14oz, P3=10oz

Redistribution Levels: P1=-8oz, P2=+2oz, P3=+6oz

Distribution of Pie: P1=16oz, P2=16oz, P3=16oz

 

Equitable distribution has been achieved.

 

Is this society better off? To me it looks like everyone is worse off even though the distribution is equitable.

You may quibble with the magnitude of some of my numbers in this simplistic example, but the underlying principles are accurate. Higher tax rates on the wealthy will lower their productivity thus reducing the size of the pie.

Let's not forget that "Smaller Pie = Less to go around.", whereas "Bigger Pie = More to go around"

 

Proposal 2: Raise taxes in non-punative way (like that's possible).

Let's now assume that we raise taxes on the upper wealth groups in such a way that they don't find them punative and hence the taxes themselves do not result in large reductions in production levels. Only P1 ends up reducing output by only 1oz.

 

Size of Pie: 99oz

Production Levels: P1=54oz, P2=35oz, P3=10oz

Redistribution Levels: P1=-21oz, P2=-2oz, P3=+23oz

Distribution of Pie: P1=33oz, P2=33oz, P3=33oz

 

Equitable distribution has been achieved.

 

Clearly in this society P2 and P3 are better off, but only because P1 is slaving away to cover them. Is this truly a stable situation? Is P1 really going to be so altruistic as to work hard enough to produce 21oz of pie, more than double what P3 is producing, for no benefit to himself regardless of the fact that he doesn't feel that the taxes are punative?

Personally I doubt it which just illustrates why continuing to raise taxes to seek equitable wealth distributions is a doomed concept even IF we ignore the idea that higher taxes depresses output.

 


Proposal 3: Enable P1 and P2 to maximize their production with tax cuts.

Now let's say that we freeze the existing tax code for existing income levels so that for the current levels of production the status quo is preserved. In addition we tell our high producers like P1 and P2 that we are instituting a new policy where for every unit of additional production above their current levels we will give them a tax break (only on the excess beyond the status quo, so to get the tax break they have to produce more).

Let's set that new rate at 10% to keep things easy, although in the real world it should be significantly lower than their current effective tax rate. So, for every 10 additional ounces of pie they keep 9 and agree to give up 1. Being greedy they see their chance to make some additional "easy money" in the sense that it has a lower than usual tax rate, so they each decide to increase production by just 10 more ounces each.

 

Size of Pie: 120oz

Production Levels: P1=65oz, P2=45oz, P3=10oz

Redistribution Levels: P1=-7oz, P2=-5oz, P3=+12oz

Distribution of Pie: P1=58oz, P2=40oz, P3=22oz

 

I would say this society is better off all around. Every group has done better and every group is, presumably, at least satisfied with the current arrangement. Things to note about this scenario vs. our real world observations about the US economy:

  1. The income gap has widened even though P3 is clearly better off with no additional effort.
  2. It is not a zero-sum game because the size of the pie grew. The 20 extra ounces of pie didn't penalize anyone (i.e. no one exploited P3).
  3. The effective tax rates for P1 and P2 went down.
  4. The tax revenue collected went up.

And yet I have no doubt that the liberals will have some kind of complaint about how this perspective is flawed.

 

I'm the Bugs Bunny of Swords Crossed!
-4 Strongly Disagree - 0 Meh - Strongly Agree +4

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You should put this in a diary

It's a really nice framework that will encourage further conversation.

Come, my friends. 'Tis not too late to seek a newer world -- Tennyson

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What your tests lack

is the amount of people each "P" represents.

Viewed on a large and wide scale, P2 represents the most people.

The other problem is that when we look at P3 in terms of stats, the redistributed money is not included in those graphs. So people are complaining about the base income level even though they receive much more.

Slide up into the lower levels of P2 and people are not getting much more help than they earn. Slide further into the middle of P2 (a very large area) and people are seeing a sizable chunk taken in taxes that prevents them from doing more.

Another thing it lacks which is impossible to show graphically is the trade-off of such policies. We don't see what it WOULD look like with less taxation and less spending. And most profoundly, we don't see what the services available would look like for the P3's, not to mention behavior, in the absence of so much redistribution.

Besides, there's a huge chunk of tax that doesn't go to infrastructure or to non-SS social spending.

Ewww, it's getting ugly. I'll stop now.

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Well, so how would you change things?

Are you saying this is entirely off base?  Enirely too simplistic?  What?

I'm not even sure you and I agree totally on this stuff, but in general I think we are closer than you or I and Tlaloc.  :)

Assuming we are even close, isn't it incumbant upon us to try and articlate the concepts in as simple a fashion as is possible to make it more understandable to others?

I agree this is a very course model, but does it at least illustrate the fundamental points?  I agree that no simple model can demonstrate all the complexities of the real economy but aren't there fundamental principles that we believe are in play that can be boiled down to a simple example such as these?

We could enhance the model to aline with 5 people instead of three to align well with the quintile idea, and make some simplifying assumptions like the size of the workforce isn't constantly changing and such.  If those become points where the model is challenged then we add examples to illustrate the effects of those cases.

Would you be interested in helping me to clean this up and to create a diary as Brendan suggests? 

I'm the Bugs Bunny of Swords Crossed!
-4 Strongly Disagree - 0 Meh - Strongly Agree +4

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No, No. The concept is fine

I'm just saying that your point becomes even more vivid when you add in more detail and nuance. Moreover, the longer run implications of the data make the case even stronger and cannot be captured by simple math. It requires some imagination. Not that you lack that imagination. It's just hard to make clear for people who aren't convinced or in the habit of thinking on that dimension.

That's all I was suggesting.

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One dimensional thinking ...

Is that anything like trying to argue from instantaneous snapshots in time?  :)

I'm the Bugs Bunny of Swords Crossed!
-4 Strongly Disagree - 0 Meh - Strongly Agree +4

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sorta

:)

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That's pretty much what I said

Your scenario assumes some things that we aren't certain are true. For one, it assumes people are rational, which hasn't been proven to the satisfaction of many (including me).

The "Atlas Shrugged" scenario, I think isn't too likely to happen. Rich people aren't going to up and quit working just because they're tired of supporting everyone else. I know if my taxes go up to the point of making it hard for me to pay living expenses, I look for ways to make more money rather than stop working.

Assuming your assumptions are true, I prefer the current state to Proposal #3. I believe in equality for equality's sake. I believe it is morally wrong to have more than a particular amount of wealth. Proposal #1 is essentially communism and is unworkable in real life. I would have no problem with it philosophically, though. (Note that the preceeding are not my governmental objectives, but philosophical/moral ones).

I don't accept your premise that cutting taxes on the upper classes makes everyone better off. If you could prove to me beyond any doubt that it did, I would be for it.

I never broke the law; I am the law! -- George W. Bush Judge Dredd
I'm listening to...

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Your portion of the group

Your portion of the group pie is bigger, meaning everyone else does with less. That's pretty much the definition of "taking."

How exactly are you trying to define these terms so that this statement even remotely makes sense?

Let say at time T1 the group pie is $100 and there are 10 people in the group who own equal "shares" at $10 each.  Now, person P1 creates a new asset completely on his own (perhaps a software widget) whose Net Present Value is $10.  Given this change in the system, at time T2 the group pie has grown to $110 and person P1 now has a greater percentage of that pie than anyone else.

In what way does this illustrate your point above?  P1's portion of the group pie is bigger, meaning that everyone else does with less. Well, P1 now has a net worth of $20 whereas P2-P10 each still have $10.  In what way do they (P2-P10) now have less?  They still have exactly what they had to begin with.

I'm the Bugs Bunny of Swords Crossed!
-4 Strongly Disagree - 0 Meh - Strongly Agree +4

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Marx is dead and totally discredited on these matters.

This debate is over. Many people just don't want to let it go.

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True enough.

I rather like this little example.  Do you feel it demonstrates the point?

I could augment it by adding in a bank and having the government maintaining only $50 in currency to illustrate how the amount of money in circulation does not limit the creation of wealth.

What do you think? 

I'm the Bugs Bunny of Swords Crossed!
-4 Strongly Disagree - 0 Meh - Strongly Agree +4

………… parent

If you're trying to say that the amount of money

available doesn't change the perceived value of goods, you are right.

Marx is discredited on all things concerning economic activity...piece by piece and everywhere in between.

All Marx did that was correct was explain and give voice to the POV that Tlaloc is coming from. So, sociologically, he did explain something. But he failed to show that it was justified. And that's what matters.

………… parent

You're right, Marx was a putz.

I must have really bloodied Tlaloc's nose some where along the line because he simply refuses to respond to even meaningful posts. I never meant to hurt his feelings like that, but maybe it is for the best since he seems to be so fragile.

I'm the Bugs Bunny of Swords Crossed!
-4 Strongly Disagree - 0 Meh - Strongly Agree +4

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This is a lie.

Total tax paid can go up through two ways (or some combination of the
two): %taxation going up OR total taxable income going up. We KNOW it
isn't the former so that only leaves that the Wealthy are gobbling up
larger and larger portions of the pie and paying the same or less tax
rate (%) than people who are far poorer.

As has been clearly demonstrated with actual data.  Your saying it over and over doesn't change the data. 

 

I'm the Bugs Bunny of Swords Crossed!
-4 Strongly Disagree - 0 Meh - Strongly Agree +4

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What I take from the discussion here

is that our next debate should be windows vs linux :-P

Come, my friends. 'Tis not too late to seek a newer world -- Tennyson

…………

please, no!

You might as well have a debate on Yankees/Red Sox. 

………… parent

That's not fair.

windows vs. self-inflicted-genital-mutliation would be a more balanced debate.

I came. I saw. I posted.
Veni, Vidi, Bitchy.

………… parent

So you think ...

Linux/UNIX = self-inflicted-genital-mutliation?  What are you running then?

I'm the Bugs Bunny of Swords Crossed!
-4 Strongly Disagree - 0 Meh - Strongly Agree +4

………… parent

Minix :-)

I run Debian since I'm a dirty communist hippy.

I never broke the law; I am the law! -- George W. Bush Judge Dredd
I'm listening to...

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Irrelevant?

I can only assume you mean that it is irrelevant to the argument that you wish to refute, but certainly it is not irrelevant. It is in fact, the crux of the matter, it seems to me. How can we even discuss whether tax rates are appropriate if you claim that tax rates don't matter, only the total amount of taxes paid?

Would it be OK for someone who made $100 trillion dollars in a year to have a 3% tax rate, just because there taxes paid would equal $3 trillion? Would it be OK for someone who made $100 in a year to have a 50% tax rate, since they'd only be paying $50?

I just don't get how you can have a discussion about taxes and say that the percentages of income that goes to taxes is irrelevant. ??? 

We are the environment. There is no distinction. What we do to the earth we do to ourselves. —David Suzuki

…………

If the goal is to increase revenue

to spend on other programs for the less fortunate, then I think we're doing that.

If the goal is to shift a portion of the burden on the wealthier and off the poorer, then we're doing that too.

Aren't these the relevant goals?

Seems to me that since these goals are reached, the stats are used to look for more things to complain about and demand more anyway.

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Why not demand more?

Although I would rephrase it this way: why not suggest that we could be doing better?

I think it is fairly clear that our current taxation system, government programs, and general societal prosperity have enabled "the poor" to have a better life now than they have enjoyed in the past. I think it is equally clear that taxes have not even come close to preventing "the rich" from doing so as well. 

Add to that the fact that the government is consistently spending more than it takes in (and I would like to see that not be the case), and I guess I just don't see increasing taxes as such a horrendous idea. That's all.

 

We are the environment. There is no distinction. What we do to the earth we do to ourselves. —David Suzuki

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Sure....

we could always think that way but many of us don't.

We could always have justa little more....and then justa little more and on and on.

It never ends.

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Neverending

You act as if getting justa little more is a bad thing. How very uncapitalistic of you. ;)

But seriously, you use the word "more" and I use the word "better," and I do think there is a difference there.

 It never ends. 

Nor should it. You seem to think that the inevitable result of this philosophy is that the government takes more and more money from the rich until there are no such thing as rich and poor anymore. But in a democracy that's never going to happen. Particularly in a democracy that is so heavily influenced by money! If the tax rates ever get even close to a point where the majority of voters are being overtaxed into oblivion then no one would ever get elected unless they promised to lower taxes. And the cycle would repeat. I just think we are at a point in the cycle where increasing taxes might make sense. You seem to think we are at a point where it doesn't make sense, or maybe you think that there is never a point where it is OK to raise taxes, I'm not sure. But I personally don't see anything convincing me that I am wrong.

We are the environment. There is no distinction. What we do to the earth we do to ourselves. —David Suzuki

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Well, that's the beauty of politics, SL

I'm not sure. But I personally don't see anything convincing me that I am wrong.

And you never will as long as you know where to look and have nothing personally to lose in the process. :)

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???

I don't quite get what you are saying here. Having nothing personally to lose has nothing to do with my position here. You are coming off as a bit condescending here. Apologies if I have misinterpreted. But, given the two options: 1) that political economics is a solved science and you have the One True Answer; or 2) that it is possible that at some point in the history of everything it just might be a good idea to raise taxes, I choose 2. Sorry.

We are the environment. There is no distinction. What we do to the earth we do to ourselves. —David Suzuki

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No I'm not.

I didn't mean to come across as condescending.

I simply am saying that many things are hard to get a solid clear answer for.

The "right" rate of tax is one of them. Anyone can always find an affirming answer because it's mainly subjective.

Some things actually DO have reasonably "One True Answer". This isn't one of them.

………… parent

Then I guess we agree!

:)

We are the environment. There is no distinction. What we do to the earth we do to ourselves. —David Suzuki

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OK, then, how much is enough?

We have met all of the liberal goals in terms of taxation with repect to be considered "fair" as defined by a "progressive tax schedule".  Now we are reduced to arguing about whether we have taken enough, agreed?

So that raises the question, how do we know when we are taking "enough" from the rich?

I think it is fairly clear that our current taxation system, government
programs, and general societal prosperity have enabled "the poor" to
have a better life now than they have enjoyed in the past.

I completely agree.

I think it is equally clear that taxes have not even come close to preventing "the rich" from doing so as well.

I also agree.

The question to you (actually all liberals) is, "Is this actually the end goal?"  Should we tax the rich to the point where nobody can get ahead anymore? Should we tax teh rich to the point where taxes are such a burden that they are visibly held back?

Add to that the fact that the government is consistently spending more
than it takes in
(and I would like to see that not be the case)

I also agree with this.  One obvious solution is to simply stop doing this.  As tlaloc points out there are two primary ways to increase the revenue (at least in the short term): (1) raise taxes, or (2) make more rich people.  I argue that #1 is self-defeating in the sense that if you raise the taxes high enough people won't even try to be rich anymore, whereas #2 is self-fulfilling in the sense that everyone wants to be rich (or at least well off).

Lowering taxes reduces at least one of the barriers to becoming "rich" by giving them more capital to invest in themselves. 

I'm the Bugs Bunny of Swords Crossed!
-4 Strongly Disagree - 0 Meh - Strongly Agree +4

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See above

See Neverending, above, which I wrote before I read your post, but I think addresses your questions in some way.

We are the environment. There is no distinction. What we do to the earth we do to ourselves. —David Suzuki

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As has been pointed out numerous times ...

... and in a variety of ways, not ONLY are "the rich" paying a higher percentage of the tax burden but they are ALSO paying it at a higher effective rate than any other group.  Do you acknowledge this fact or not?

So we have a situation where, even after Bush43's tax cuts:

  1. We are receiving more revenue into the federal coffers than we did prior to the cuts.
  2. "The rich" are paying a higher percentage of the total receipts than they were prior to the cuts.
  3. "The rich" are paying a higher effective tax rate than anyone else even after the cuts.

And yet the left STILL complains? Amazing.

I'm the Bugs Bunny of Swords Crossed!
-4 Strongly Disagree - 0 Meh - Strongly Agree +4

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Taking Utilitarian Models of Income taxation to it's logical

conclusion.

Reference my my newest diary entry

I've a suggestion to keep you all occupied.
Learn to swim.
Moms gonna fix it all soon.
Moms comin round to put it back the way it ought to be.

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Throwing my 2 cents in late

Total taxes paid and share of taxes paid by the highest brackets is UP

Isn't that because the "rich" are making relatively more. And more of the money being made is being made by people who are far above the poverty level.

Taxes should be based on and levied when people have the wherewithal to pay the taxes, the rich generally will always have both those conditions.

In our society, people are rewarded for pretending to be certain about things they're clearly not certain about. -- Sam Harris,

…………

Of course.

But if the goal is to raise more money for public programs AND to make them more progressive (in the sense that the rich bear a larger share of the burden) then the system is working on both fronts, right? So what's to complain about?

Stated another way, if the goal is to maximize revenue into the treasury then we need to shift income away from the poor (who pay no taxes) and to the rich (who have the highest marginal tax rates). Logically speaking, of course, but you won't get me to admit that there is ANYTHING logical about our current tax code.

Also, don't forget about income mobility . The people at the top aren't always the same people. Sometimes as much as 5% of the bottom quintile can skyrocket all the way up to the top in just 10 short years!

I'm the Bugs Bunny of Swords Crossed!
-4 Strongly Disagree - 0 Meh - Strongly Agree +4

………… parent

Only as far as paying taxes goes.

Going back to John's

A favorite argument of liberals and warmed over lite-socialists who don't like the label is that "The Rich" don't pay enough tax and make too much money compared to everyone else.

When it comes to taxes, the "rich" are pack mule's they are built to bear the "burden".

And to make a bad analogy.

Its almost like John is saying sure the rich have more cake [and the poor have less bread.] But the rich dropped some of their cake on the ground, so everything is ok now.

In our society, people are rewarded for pretending to be certain about things they're clearly not certain about. -- Sam Harris,

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No, I'm not almost saying that.

but, hey, we all see what we want to see. ;)

like you said ...

………… parent

If some "liberal" is ranting

If some "liberal" is ranting about how the rich are sharing the tax burden enough.
Citing how the "rich" have are paying a higher percentage and bigger piece of the pie, is giving the rich the "Most Improved Taxpayer" Award, that shows nothing in and of itself.

I never liked the John [coincidence?] Stossel logic of 'things were worse before, but they are better now, so everything is fine"

But hey, if the fact that many of these upper echelon earners are "only paying" 18-25% of their total incomes is such a travesty, I see only one solution:

Lower the tax rates at lower brackets to make it more progressive! But the point remains that these tax rates are lower, in part, because capital gains are taxed differently and in part because the these people have more deductions and assets that figure into accounting. They are looking out for their own interest. If you had millions and billions, you would too.

I can agree with the conclusion to lower the taxes at the lower brackets, because someone making $20k a year paying 10% on the first $11.2k they made and 15% on the rest is a travesty. Those at the lowest tax brackets generally don't have the means to do any tax avoidance and the they have the lowest amount of income above the poverty line.

In our society, people are rewarded for pretending to be certain about things they're clearly not certain about. -- Sam Harris,

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